Birth control pills work by preventing ovulation, which is the release of an egg from the ovary. The pills contain synthetic versions of the hormones estrogen and progestin (a synthetic form of progesterone), which work together to suppress the body's natural hormonal cycle.
Combination pills contain both estrogen and progestin, while progestin-only pills (also known as mini-pills) only contain progestin. Combination pills work by inhibiting the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), which are responsible for stimulating the ovaries to produce and release eggs. By preventing ovulation, the pills make it impossible for sperm to fertilize an egg.
Progestin-only pills work by thickening the cervical mucus, which makes it harder for sperm to swim through and reach the egg. The pills also thin the lining of the uterus, which can make it more difficult for a fertilized egg to implant and develop.
Advantages of birth control pills:
- Highly effective in preventing pregnancy when taken correctly
- Can help regulate menstrual cycles and reduce menstrual cramps
- Can reduce the risk of certain cancers, such as ovarian and endometrial cancer
- May improve acne and reduce the severity of symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
- Can be used to treat conditions such as endometriosis, uterine fibroids, and heavy menstrual bleeding
Disadvantages of birth control pills:
- May cause side effects such as nausea, headaches, mood changes, and weight gain
- May increase the risk of blood clots, especially in women with certain risk factors such as smoking or a history of blood clots
- May not be as effective if not taken correctly or consistently
- May interact with other medications, including some antibiotics and anticonvulsants
- May not be suitable for women with certain medical conditions, such as liver disease or breast cancer
Combination pills are typically started on the first day of the menstrual cycle, which means they begin working immediately to prevent ovulation. However, if the pill is started at any other time during the menstrual cycle, it may take up to 7 days for it to become fully effective. During this time, it is important to use backup contraception, such as condoms, to prevent pregnancy.
Progestin-only pills, on the other hand, may take up to 48 hours to become fully effective. Therefore, it is recommended to use backup contraception for the first 2 days after starting the pill.
It is important to note that birth control pills must be taken consistently and correctly in order to be effective. If a pill is missed or taken late, the risk of pregnancy increases. Additionally, certain medications and medical conditions can interfere with the effectiveness of birth control pills.
There are several brands of birth control pills available in India. Some of the commonly used ones include:
- Mala-D, which is a combination pill containing levonorgestrel and ethinyl estradiol
- Femilon, which is a combination pill containing desogestrel and ethinyl estradiol
- Novelon, which is a combination pill containing desogestrel and ethinyl estradiol
- Ovral-L, which is a combination pill containing levonorgestrel and ethinyl estradiol
- Loette, which is a combination pill containing levonorgestrel and ethinyl estradiol
- Saheli, which is a non-hormonal contraceptive pill containing the active ingredient centchroman
It's important to note that the availability of specific brands of birth control pills may vary depending on the region and pharmacy. Additionally, it's important to discuss with a healthcare provider to determine which type of birth control pill is right for you based on your medical history, lifestyle, and individual needs.