Bromine is a chemical element with the symbol Br and atomic number 35. It is a halogen and is found in the Earth's crust in a number of minerals, including bromides and bromates.
Sources of Bromine:
Brine: Bromine is primarily extracted from brine, which is saltwater containing high concentrations of bromides.
Sea Water: Bromine is also found in sea water and can be extracted from it using the same methods used to extract bromine from brine.
Uses of Bromine:
Flame Retardants: Bromine is used in the production of flame retardants, which are added to materials to slow or prevent the spread of fire.
Pesticides: Bromine is used as a pesticide in agriculture and horticulture to control insects and other pests.
Oil Drilling: Bromine is used as a component in oil drilling muds, which are used to lubricate and cool drill bits and to control the pressure of oil wells.
Photography: Bromine is used as a component in some photographic chemicals.
Water Treatment: Bromine is used as a disinfectant in water treatment to control the growth of harmful microorganisms.
Production of Bromine:
Electrodialysis: Bromine is produced by the electrodialysis of brine or seawater, which separates the bromides from the other ions.
Electrolysis: Bromine can also be produced by the electrolysis of bromides, which releases elemental bromine.
Properties of Bromine:
Physical Properties: Bromine is a dark-red liquid at room temperature and has a strong, unpleasant odor. It is the only non-metallic element that is liquid at room temperature.
Chemical Properties: Bromine is highly reactive and forms a number of compounds with other elements. It is also toxic to humans and animals and can cause respiratory distress if inhaled.
Extract: Elemental bromine is extracted from brine or seawater using methods such as electrodialysis and electrolysis. Bromine compounds are obtained by chemical reactions with other elements.